The research conducted so far has studied untrained transgender women. Thus, while this research is important to understand the isolated effects of testosterone suppression, it is still uncertain how transgender women athletes, perhaps undergoing advanced training regimens to counteract the muscle loss during the therapy, would respond. It is also important to recognize that performance in most sports may be influenced by factors outside muscle mass and strength, and the balance between inclusion, safety and fairness therefore differs between sports.
While there is certainly a need for more focused research on this topic, including more comprehensive performance tests in transgender women athletes and studies on training capacity of transgender women undergoing hormone therapy, it is still important to recognize that the biological factors underpinning athletic performance are unequivocally established.
It is, therefore, possible to make strong inferences and discuss potential performance implications despite the lack of direct sport-specific studies in athletes. Finally, since athlete safety could arguably be described as the immediate priority above considerations of fairness and inclusion, proper risk assessment should be conducted within respective sports that continue to include transgender women in the female category.
If transgender women are restricted within or excluded from the female category of sport, the important question is whether or not this exclusion or conditional exclusion is necessary and proportionate to the goal of ensuring fair, safe and meaningful competition.
Regardless of what the future will bring in terms of revised transgender policies, it is clear that different sports differ vastly in terms of physiological determinants of success, which may create safety considerations and may alter the importance of retained performance advantages.
Thus, we argue against universal guidelines for transgender athletes in sport and instead propose that each individual sports federation evaluate their own conditions for inclusivity, fairness and safety.
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Download references. You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar. Correspondence to Tommy R. Emma N Hilton and Tommy R Lundberg declare that they have no conflict of interest with the content of this review. Both authors ENH and TRL were involved in the conception and design of this paper, and both authors drafted, revised and approved the final version of the paper.
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Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. August 8, S - i just wanna know which one is better for ICC25 HC in general for all bosses mainly for single target fights cause i feel useless until in doing AoE damage. Edited: August 9, I think the general rule of thumb is that DBW is good for single target fights that are shorter.
Some may correct me but that's been my general consensus from reading guides. August 9, DBW has a sec CD with 30sec uptime. As said, in fights that are tank and spank, single target, DBW shines.
In heavy AoE fights, or in fights where u have to switch a lot of targets constantly, DV is better. Now im wondering if i made a mistake in my purchase. No, you haven't.
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