The company test the milk after production, as well, to ensure it does not contain A1 protein. Symptoms of stomach discomfort, such as gas, bloating, and diarrhea that occur after consuming dairy products, are typically attributed to lactose intolerance.
However, some researchers believe that it is BCM-7, not lactose, that affects digestion and produces symptoms similar to lactose intolerance, in some people. A study on Chinese adults with self-reported milk intolerance compared the effects of drinking regular milk that contained A1 and A2 proteins with A2-only milk on intestinal function, stomach discomfort, and inflammation.
The participants consumed 8 oz of milk twice a day for 2 weeks. They reported worse stomach pain after they consumed the regular milk but no change in symptoms after they drank the A2 milk.
Participants also reported more frequent and looser-consistency stools while they drank the regular milk. These symptoms did not occur after they consumed the A2 milk. In the same study mentioned above, researchers also looked at markers of inflammation in the blood.
They found the participants had higher levels of inflammatory markers after they drank the regular milk. The research showed that milk could impact brain function. Study participants took longer to process information and made more errors on a test after drinking regular milk compared to A2 milk. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system attacks cells responsible for producing insulin.
Usually diagnosed in children or teenagers, the incidence of type 1 diabetes is increasing around the world. Genetic and environmental factors, such as diet, play a role in the disease process. However, other studies have not shown the same association. The research also suggests that the amount of milk a child consumes could influence their risk of developing type 1 diabetes, with higher milk consumption observed in children who develop the condition.
At least one study showed a link between the consumption of A1 protein and incidence of type 1 diabetes, although this kind of study fails to prove that it is a direct cause. One study in mice found that 47 percent of the mice that had A1 protein added to their diet developed diabetes , while none that had A2 protein added did so. However, other research does not support the hypothesis that there is any association between milk consumption and a higher incidence of type 1 diabetes.
A study in rabbits looked at the effect of A1 and A2 proteins on cholesterol levels. Rabbits fed the A1 protein developed an increase in their cholesterol levels, but the study was small, and the results cannot be generalized to humans. Some researchers hypothesized that consuming A1 protein was associated with a higher risk for heart disease , but multiple studies have not found higher rates of heart disease in people who drink more milk.
Lactose intolerance is often blamed for these symptoms. The degree to which people are lactose-intolerant varies, but most people can tolerate a cup or two of milk a day. Lactose-free milk, such as Lactaid, has lactase added to predigest the lactose. Not everyone who has milk-related symptoms experiences relief when they drink lactose-free milk, however.
Beta-casein makes up about a third of the protein in milk. Regular milk comes from cows that produce both A1 and A2 types of this protein, while a2 milk comes from cows that naturally produce only the A2 type. But the research on the benefits of a2 milk is scant. A small study funded by The a2 Company found that it may take some people significantly longer to digest milk that contains both the A1 and A2 protein than milk that only contains A2.
That decrease in speed could lead to gastrointestinal inflammation, and symptoms like gas and abdominal pain. A research review published in the journal Advances in Nutrition backs this up, but points out that studies comparing the effects of A1 and A2 on humans are limited many were on rodents. But Lactaid had a slightly sweeter but not objectionable taste. Nutritionally, a2 milk and lactose-free milk are pretty much equal to regular milk, but both can be more expensive.
Editor's Note: This story has been updated to include new information on the number of retailers where a2 Milk is available. Jeanine Detz is a freelance writer in Los Angeles. Is the milk in formula giving your little one tummy troubles? Emerging evidence from studies in preschool children and adults suggests A2 milk is less likely to be associated with digestive discomfort.
Back in the day, cows only produced the A2 protein. At some point along the way, a mutation occurred, and most of our milk-producing friends started to make the A1 protein as well. Luckily, there are still cows out there that only produce the A2 protein. They are the ones that make A2 milk possible. A2 milk protein is not a product of genetic engineering or modification. So what sets A1 and A2 apart?
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