Which swedish witch watch




















We have strong evidence to show that the accused were not mainly poor individuals on the lowest rung of the social ladder.

The majority of those charged were farmers and their wives, and in towns, burghers or their wives were involved as well. Indeed, in general people of considerable wealth seem to have been called to answer for alleged incrimination, while only a small minority of those blamed were indigent persons.

More detailed, see Nenonen and Fascinating personal histories can be found, as is the case of a wealthy peasant proprietor, salesman and fisherman named Martti Rautia and Minister Gregorius Henrici. As a rule there were no more than one accused the witch in a single trial.

In some cases, however, the people who had sought help from the supposed witches were prosecuted as well. The witch and his or her accuser were acquainted with one another, and often lived in the same village as neighbours. All of this stands in contradiction with much of what has been believed about witches. Finnish Lapland the only authentic home of Santa Claus makes up the northern part of the country. During the 16th and 17th centuries Lapland was inhabited by Lapps with strong and vivid shamanistic traditions.

However, at the time some Lapps could also be found in much more southern areas in relation to where they generally live today. They were famous for their magic and about the witch drum noitarumpu.

Finns also had shamans and witchdoctors, even though it is believed that Finns lost much of their shamanistic tradition long before their northern neighbours.

In spite of the Lapps' great fame, there were not many witch trials in Lapland. On the contrary, only a few trials took place in the northern regions and, moreover, only in very few cases were shamans who induced spells with drums involved. The witch trials were concentrated in the southwestern parts of the country around Turku and in the southeast areas of Karelia around Vyborg, both the wealthiest and most densely populated areas in Finland. See the Map of witch trials by the number of accused in the rural district courts.

Note that most trials in the wide northern parishes took place just on the western coast, even though the judicial districts extended much further inland. The first large-scale judicial proceedings of a harsh nature took place in the years between in western Finland, when many notorious and ill-famed sorcerers were put on trial. We have used the term "beggar witches" for such people of ill repute, suspected of witchery and engaged in itinerant begging. They were charged with causing the death of a victim by the use of magical powers, and were sentenced to death.

Nevertheless, the Turku Court of Appeal commuted most death sentences to heavy fines or flogging and proscription. What is strange, however, is that in despite of the proscription, many of the convicted did not follow the verdict, but rather, remained in the parishes familiar to them.

It must be noticed that the number of "beggar witches" prosecuted totalled no more than The vast majority of the trials were quite normal disputes between the defendant and his or her accuser.

Only the maleficent harmful magic was considered indictable before the s. In secular courts benevolent magic was rarely dealt with and hardly ever condemned under the prevailing norms of justice. This was according to Swedish Town and Country Laws , , as there were no regulations for benevolent magic. Some statutes for the treatment of all kinds of magic as criminal had been enacted in the 16th century.

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